Wednesday, August 22, 2012

Breaking Through Concrete: An Urban Farm Roadtrip


By David Hanson, Edwin Marty, Michael Hanson, YES! Magazine
21 August 12

Farmers across the country are taking to rooftops, vacant lots, any space they can find to build an urban farm revival.

We started talking about a book on urban farms at the Garage Cafe in Birmingham’s Southside neighborhood. It is one of those eccentric dives that seem to populate the South more than any other region. The back courtyard is shaded in old trees that muscle their way out of the uneven patio and stretch their twisted branches over the chunky concrete tables and wobbly benches. Rooms filled with teetering stacks of wrought-iron antiques and statuaries only sometimes for sale are closed off by sliding glass doors that look into the courtyard.

It’s the kind of place where ideas hatch. We’ve known each other for years because we both worked for the same magazine publishing group in town. Edwin eventually went full-time into Jones Valley Urban Farm and urban agriculture consulting, and I began to follow smart-growth developments with the magazine I worked for at the time. We both saw the trends happening: new farmer visionaries planting their ideas in neighborhoods and towns around the country, and an emerging market of consumers seeking a connection to their food. And the scenes and the stories and the people were inspiring.

But we didn’t see any publications that celebrated the new American urban farm movement. The buzz around urban farms is flourishing, as expected considering the increase in farmers markets, the trend of farm-to-plate restaurants, and the food focused media in many cities. But many farms and food garden projects around the country still exist in their own little bubbles, and the large percentage of Americans who have recently come to appreciate the idea of “organic” seem unaware of not only the presence of urban farms in most American cities, but also the discussion within the farm movement of what an urban farm is. And the urban farm is many things.

So, back in the Garage, we decided we should collect the stories and images from a representative selection of American urban farms as they exist in 2010. We gleaned the country for the best examples of the diverse ways urban farms operate and benefit their communities. We put it all down in a big book proposal and the University of California Press bit.

Uh oh. Now we actually had to make this happen. This was January 2010. On May 19, 2010, my brother, photographer Michael Hanson, videographer and friend Charlie Hoxie, and I left Seattle in a short Blue Bird school bus named Lewis Lewis. The remodeled interior slept three and had a kitchen and two work desks. The engine ran on diesel and recycled vegetable oil. We had two months and over a dozen cities to visit between Seattle, New Orleans, Brooklyn, and Chicago.

The journey took us into a rich vein of American entrepreneurialism. The old spirit of opportunity and optimism was bursting at the seams in the farms we encountered. Each stop along our counterclockwise cross-country ramble inspired us with new ideas and different faces speaking eloquently and passionately about helping their communities.

There might not be a better way to see America right now than via a short bus smoking fry grease. We connected with urban farmers, of course. But we also spent (too much) time with diesel mechanics, with cops in small-town Arkansas, and with biodiesel greasers selling or giving away their salvaged “fuel.” In Vona, Colo., while eating dinner outside of Lewis Lewis and watching the setting sun light up a grain silo, we met the bored youth of large-scale agriculture. More than once, we were roused from sleep in the middle of the night and kicked out of mall parking lots. A school bus spray-painted white and traveling at 55 miles per hour sparks the curiosity of many of the people it passes, and that’s mostly a good thing.

Unfortunately, Lewis Lewis refused to budge from Birmingham’s Jones Valley Urban Farm, which was appropriate. You see, the bus was named after Edwin’s first employee, Lewis Nelson Lewis, a homeless man in Birmingham who began helping Edwin at the Southside garden. He worked hard, if sporadically, and Edwin eventually hired him. Lewis became a staple of any farm activity, and it’s not a stretch to say that Edwin and the farm were his lifeblood. Lewis Lewis passed away on. It’s no wonder Lewis Lewis the Bus did not want to leave his farm. We continued on our route up the East Coast in a white minivan, though we undoubtedly lost a spirit of adventure.

Breaking Through Concrete is a result of that road trip and a decade of urban farming experience. We share the stories of twelve farms, and we give the inside scoop on the dos and don’ts of urban farming. Like those earlier conversations in the Garage Cafe, we see the urban farms sprouting around America as the think tanks for the food revolution that must and, thankfully, is happening in our country. Hopefully, what we’ve found developing in America’s cities on a small scale can spread into the prime farmland and the larger economy and germinate a sustainable solution to our current food and nutrition problems. Not many things say hope like the green leaves of a food plant breaking through concrete.
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Saturday, August 11, 2012

Operation Bee



While searching the internet, I came across this interesting website dedicated to the protection of bees. As crucial aspect of our ecosystem, and seeing as SAS is current working on a Community Garden, it is particularly important for the us to understand why bees are so important.

Why save bees?

The website outlines 3 main reasons why we should save the bees: food security, biodiversity, and the economy.

Food Security:
Say goodbye to meat and dairy products too
  • One-third of the global food supply is provided by bees.
  • Without bees, say goodbye to these essential foods. Can you imagine a diet of only wheat and rice?
  • Say goodbye to meat and dairy products too.
    • Bees also provide forage legumes, such as alfalfa. These crops are widely grown throughout the world for cattle, especially for high producing dairy cows. In fact, alfalfa actually accounts for 80% of the total economic value of bees. Without bees, there will be a significant shortage of meat and dairy products because of the inadequate production of cattle feed.
  • Global malnutrition is coming
    • Of the 100 crop species which provide 90% of food worldwide, 71 are provided by bees. This means that without bees, a lack of dietary diversity will make it extremely difficult to acquire the essential vitamins and nutrients we need to survive.
    • Bees provide us with foods that contain the majority of the available dietary lipid, vitamin A, C and E, and a large portion of the minerals calcium, fluoride, and iron worldwide. Bees also provide the whole quantity of Lycopene and almost the full quantity of the antioxidants b-cryptoxanthin and b-tocopherol, and related carotenoids, and a large portion of folic acid.
    • As a result, bee declines may drastically impact the provision of nutritionally adequate diets for the global human population. Regions like Europe would be more affected. However, developing nations are at the highest risk because they are already vulnerable to food and nutrient shortages.
The timeline below illustrates how a world without bees is truly a world without people.



Biodiversity:
“Daily reports document the tiniest rise and fall of the stock market or the price of currency. Yet the services of nature such as filtration of water, absorption of carbon dioxide and release of oxygen, protection against erosion and many others that keep the planet habitable for predators like us are virtually ignored. Pollination keeps the terrestrial ecosystems going, and without pollination those systems would collapse. A world without bees would be a world without people” – David Suzuki

Bees are actually a keystone and indicator species for biodiversity. This means that the rapid losses of bees indicate severe environmental degradation. As a result, these declines are a vital factor in the present collapse of biodiversity. It is so threatening that seven in ten biologists believe that this collapse is a greater threat to us than global warming. Every decade, we are losing between 1-10% of biodiversity. In fact, more than 20,000 flowering plant species that bees depend on for food could be lost in the coming decades.

Economy:
“The total economic value of pollination worldwide amounted to €153 billion, which represented 9.5% of the value of the world agricultural production used for human food in 2005”.

Honey bees are the most economically valuable pollinators. In 2005, they pollinated €153 billion-worth of human food, representing 9.5% of the total agricultural production value. Without bees, many fruit, seed and nut yields would decrease by 90%. In fact, the value of beef and dairy products that come from forage legumes accounts for 7.6% of the total agricultural production value, about 80% of the pollinated production value.

For more information about their cause, visit www.operationbee.com. On their "Get Involved" page, they suggest that people Grow Organic, Eat Organic, and Think Organic. In the future, I will be referencing articles from their blog [http://www.operationbee.com/blog/]
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Thursday, August 9, 2012

Herbicide Used in Argentina Could Cause Birth Defects


BUENOS AIRES – The herbicide used on genetically modified soy – Argentina’s main crop – could cause brain, intestinal and heart defects in fetuses, according to the results of a scientific investigation released Monday.

Although the study “used amphibian embryos,” the results “are completely comparable to what would happen in the development of a human embryo,” embryology professor Andres Carrasco, one of the study’s authors, told Efe.

“The noteworthy thing is that there are no studies of embryos on the world level and none where glyphosate is injected into embryos,” said the researcher with the National Council for Scientific and Technical Research and director of the Molecular Embryology Laboratory.

The doses of herbicide used in the study “were much lower than the levels used in the fumigations,” and so the situation “is much more serious” that the study suggests because “glyphosate does not degrade,” Carrasco warned.

In Argentina, farmers each year use between 180 and 200 million liters of glyphosate, which was developed by the multinational Monsanto and sold in the United States under the brand name Roundup.

Carrasco said that the research found that “pure glyphosate, in doses lower than those used in fumigation, causes defects ... (and) could be interfering in some normal embryonic development mechanism having to do with the way in which cells divide and die.”

“The companies say that drinking a glass of glyphosate is healthier than drinking a glass of milk, but the fact is that they’ve used us as guinea pigs,” he said.

He gave as an example what occurred in Ituzaingo, a district where 5,000 people live on the outskirts of the central Argentine city of Cordoba, where over the past eight years about 300 cases of cancer associated with fumigations with pesticides have turned up.

“In communities like Ituzaingo it’s already too late, but we have to have a preventive system, to demand that the companies give us security frameworks and, above all, to have very strict regulations for fumigation, which nobody is adhering to out of ignorance or greed,” he said.

The researcher also said that, apart from the research he carried out, “there has to be a serious study” on the effects of glyphosate on human beings, adding that “the state has all the mechanisms for that.”

In the face of the volley of judicial complaints related to the disproportionate use of agrochemicals in the cultivation of GM soy, last February the Health Ministry created a group to investigate the problem in four Argentine provinces.

Argentina is the world’s third-largest exporter of soy.

http://www.laht.com/article.asp?CategoryId=14093&ArticleId=331718
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Tuesday, August 7, 2012

Who Killed The Electric Car? (Documentary) (Part 1 of 8)

I thought this video was relevant and important enough to share. Please watch all 8 parts. I recently met a guy in Newark who stated that he's trying to work with the mayor with developing an electric or alternative energy running vehicle for Newark cabs to help them stay in business because if they keep increasing their prices they are sure to go out of business. I thought this was such a terrible thing that they would be more concerned about keeping a company in business and not want to improve the quality of life all human beings with the caring capacity of the planet. We have much work to do, people. A culture and value shift is definitely in order.

~Tobias

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Monday, August 6, 2012

U.S. Shuts Down Tennessee Uranium Facility After Anti-Nuclear Protesters Infiltrate




The U.S. government’s lone site for handling and processing weapons-grade uranium has been temporarily shut down after anti-nuclear activists infiltrated the premises. Three activists — including an 82-year old nun — reportedly cut through fences to paint slogans and throw blood on the wall of the Y12 nuclear weapons plant in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The Y12 facility processes uranium for new hydrogen bombs. Calling themselves the "Transform Now Plowshares," the three activists appeared before a U.S. magistrate judge in Knoxville on Thursday. The facility will remain shut down at least until next week. U.S. officials have maintained no nuclear materials were jeopardized, but experts have marveled at how a small group could have infiltrated the high-risk site. One former congressional investigator and security consultant called the breach the "worst we’ve ever seen."


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Keyhole Gardening

Unlocking the secrets of drought-hardy gardens

Unlock Your Own Keyhole Garden

Follow these guidelines to get started:

1. Measure a 6-foot diameter circle to define the inside wall of your garden.

2. Notch the circle (like cutting a wedge of pie) so you can access the basket at the center.

3. Construct the exterior wall about 3 feet high using rocks, metal, timbers or any material that can support the weight of wet soil.

4. Use wire mesh to create a tube about 1 foot in diameter and about 4 feet high. Stand the tube in the center of the circle.

5. Line the outer walls with cardboard and fill the garden area (but not the wire mesh tube in the center), with layers of compostable materials, wetting it down as you go. Fill the last few inches with compost or potting soil. The soil should slope from a high point at the top of the center basket downward to the edges of the garden.

6. Fill the center basket with alternating layers of compostable material, along with layers of kitchen scraps and herbaceous weeds that provide the plants with moisture and nutrients.

7. Water the center basket and the garden only when the plants will not survive without it. This forces the plants’ roots down toward the center basket.

8. Feed the garden by adding more kitchen scraps, lawn clippings, etc., to the center basket.

9. Consider arching a framework of thin wires over the garden. During the hottest months, the wires can support a shade cloth, and in winter, plastic sheeting creates an instant greenhouse.

10. Enjoy the fruits (and vegetables!) of your labor.


During a drought, Texas has a lot in common with southern Africa. Scorching heat, thin layers of topsoil and elusive rainfall can make for a brutal summer when gardening is not for the faint of heart. Recent Texas droughts are the most severe on record, and the National Weather Service warns that the long-term forecast is drier still.

So it’s nothing short of amazing that the community of Clifton in Bosque County has been transformed into an oasis in this gardening desert with help from creative landscape architect Deb Tolman. Leaning on her 30 years of experience in landscape design, doctoral studies in environmental science and research on African survival strategies, Tolman has teamed with local ranch owners Jim and Mary Lou Starnater to unlock the secrets of sustainable gardening.

Affectionately known as “Dr. Deb,” Tolman lives “one block off the grid.” Living on the Starnaters’ StarHaven Ranch in a 10-by-10-foot converted oat bin, Tolman has access to electricity from United Cooperative Services, which serves the ranch, but uses no other public utilities. She grows her own food—even in hot, dry conditions—cooks in an outdoor oven, and every month hosts sustainability workshops on topics from rainwater harvesting to her most popular class—keyhole gardening.

Lessons from Africa
A keyhole garden is the ultimate raised-bed planter. It is often built in the shape of a circle measuring about 6 feet in diameter that stands waist-high and is notched like a pie with a slice cut away. A hole in the center holds a composting basket that moistens and nourishes the soil. The garden, which from above looks like a keyhole, can be built with recycled materials and requires less water than a conventional garden.

“It works well in places far drier than we are here on the edge of the Hill Country,” says Tolman, who discovered the technique five years ago. The sustainable gardening method was developed by a humanitarian aid organization in southern Africa, where resources are scarce and the climate unforgiving. There, three keyhole gardens can feed a family of 10 all year long, reports the BBC.

In her area of North Central Texas, Tolman has added a twist to keyhole gardens, making beds almost entirely of compost. Some of the soil is composed of recycled newspapers, telephone books and cardboard, which she says adds carbon, nitrogen and air to the soil. In Tolman’s garden, cardboard is gold, and what it buys is priceless.

“You don’t have to spend $400 a month on groceries when you can grow healthy produce at home,” she says. “In the summertime, I grow Malabar spinach, which loves the heat. The chard’s been going all year. I can eat a power snack of French green beans right off the vine.” Her harvest also includes carrots, kale, tomatoes, berries and more, rivaling Texas farmers markets. “I eat year-round from these gardens,” says Tolman.

Texas Keyhole Gardens
Tolman is sharing these ideas with the community, and Clifton now has about 60 keyhole gardens.

“My first keyhole garden here in Clifton was at Ace Hardware,” says Tolman, describing a demonstration garden maintained by the hardware store. “We used native rock and clay to build the walls, and recycled paper and manure to make soil. In just four weeks, 129 phone books were no longer discernable, and half a Dumpster load of cardboard from Ace Hardware had become soil.”

Jim Starnater has helped build three community keyhole gardens in Clifton and has built several on his ranch. He was skeptical when he first attended one of Tolman’s workshops and saw photos of a beautifully productive raised-bed garden built on a mutual friend’s property. “I thought that garden was several years old,” he says. “But it had been planted just seven months before. You’re not going to start anything else in Bosque County that grows like that.”

While the keyhole provides easy access to the composting basket in the center, almost any raised bed about 6 feet in diameter will work. “You can adapt the concept to whatever you have available,” Starnater says. “We’ve experimented with various things, from old, leaking cattle water troughs to tractor and truck tires. Personally, I’m not into ‘pretty.’ I’m into function and efficiency. I’m interested in how to produce the largest amount of nutritious, organic food in the least amount of space with the least amount of water.”

Tolman, who appreciates both form and function, has worked with Starnater to turn an old ski boat and a bathtub into gardens in addition to her more traditional stone designs.

Drought Hardy

Clifton resident Rosa Peitz met Tolman through the Clifton Garden Club. “I’d never heard of keyhole gardens before Dr. Deb’s workshop,” says Peitz, “but I liked the idea of a garden where I didn’t have to bend over and that would only use a gallon or two of water every day.”

Tolman had suggested using rocks and cob, a mixture of clay and straw, but Peitz didn’t have either. Instead, she and her son used broken concrete from a house remodeling project, mortaring it with cement to create a frame for her now-prosperous garden. “This year, he’s got eight or nine different kinds of peppers growing in it, and we’ll easily harvest several thousand peppers,” Peitz says. “During the drought, when almost everyone had given up on their gardens, the keyhole gardens were thriving.”

Tolman’s and Starnater’s gardens also continued to produce during the 2011 drought, although extra water and care were required. “If you go through a Texas summer with more than 60 days over 100 degrees, nothing’s going to grow if you don’t water it,” says Starnater. “But we used drip irrigation and a thick layer of mulch, which reduced the amount of water required by about 30 percent. We also created umbrellas to shade the plants and reduce the heat and sun exposure by about 60 percent. That makes a big difference.”

Because keyhole gardens can both weather the drought and take a big bite out of the grocery bill, they’re a welcome gift from Africans to Texans for bountiful seasons to come.
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G. Elaine Acker is a freelance writer and occasional blogger who divides her time between Texas and New Mexico.

Visit Deb Tolman’s website for more information on keyhole gardening.


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